INSPIRE
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OBESITY IN ADULTS
The facts show according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, that 1 in 3 adults in the United States are obese. 2 in 3 adults are either overweight or obese in the United States. 1 in 13 adults in the United States are considered to be morbidly or extremely obese. 1 in 6 children and adolescents from the ages of 2 to 19 are said to be obese. There is also a racial difference with the prevalence of obesity as some races have higher obesity rates than others due to it correlating with income earnings. Typically lower neighborhoods have higher rates of obesity than upper class neighborhoods. For example, 36.4% of Non-Hispanic White adults are considered obese, and 7.6% are considered to be morbidly or extremely obese. With Non-Hispanic Black adults, 48.6% of the population is obese and about 12.4% are said to be morbidly obese, which unfortunately it is seen higher with African-Americans due to African-Americans having lower incomes on average compared to Caucasians. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the median income in a household for White people is $68,145 and Black People make $40,258. Hispanics have obesity rates of 42.4% among adults and 7.1% are considered morbidly obese. With Non-Hispanic Asians have obesity rates of 12.6%, which is the lowest than any other race. Asians also have the highest income earning than any other race with a median income household of $81,331. According to the CDC, from 2015-2016, 39.8% of the adult population is obese. Men from the ages of 40-59, are said to be 40.8% obese, and men from the age of 20-39, have an obesity rate of 34.8%. With women, from the ages of 40-59, 44.7% of the population is considered to be obese. With women from the ages of 20-39, 36.5% of the population is considered obese. There is not a large significant difference between men and women when it comes to obesity rates as it is a national crisis for everyone. According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American college of Endocrinology Consensus Conference on Obesity, an estimated 3 million adults die each year due to being overweight and obese making it is one of the highest causes of preventable deaths in the United States. $190.2 Billion per year has been the cost of managing obesity as health care costs rise when a person is obesity as they are required more treatment. This accumulates over 20.6% of the national expenditures. It is projected that in 2030, the healthcare costs related to obesity would rise up to $957 billion, if trends continue like this. Obesity each year accumulates over $3,371 additionally each year to per-patient medical expenditures compared with non-obese people.
OBESITY IN CHILDREN
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, children and young adults from the ages of 2-19, have an obesity rate of 17.2% and over 6% are morbidly obese. About 20.6 of teenagers from the ages of 12-19 are considered to be obese, and 9.1% of them are extremely obese. Over 17.6% of children from the ages of 6-11 are examined of being obese. Over 4.3% of children that are extremely obese are from children with the ages of 6-11. With children from the ages of 2-5, there are over 9.1% of them that are obese. Looking at the data from the years 1988-1994 and 2003-2004, there has been an increase of obesity rates within adolescents from the ages of 12-19, while the other age groups have seen either a decrease or no change at all. This logically concludes that the obesity arrives for many children around when they reach adolescents. Race differentiation is still seen in children as well. Youth data taken from the years 2011-2014 shows for example, from the ages of 12-19, 18.7% of Non-Hispanic White boys are obese and 20.4% of Non-Hispanic White girls are obese. There are over 20.9% of Non-Hispanic Black Boys that are obese and 24.4% of Non-Hispanic Black girls are obese. About 22.7 of boys that are Hispanic have obesity and 22.8% of girls that are Hispanic have obesity. The Asian population has the lowest obesity rates with 12.9% of Non-Hispanic Asian boys being considered obese and only 5.7% of Non-Hispanic Asian Girls are obese. These statistics are a part of a trend that is seen with the younger age groups as well. According to the website of State of Obesity, 9 out of the ten states that rank highest in Child Obesity, are located in the South. The state with the highest child obesity rates is found in Mississippi with over 26.1% of children being obese. Since the year 1980, obesity rates have quadrupled from 5% to now 20.6%. Child obesity has cost over 14$ Billion in healthcare expenses solely based on child obesity. It is estimated that 14.8% of high school students are obese, and 15.6% of high schools nationally are overweight which comes with a number of 30.4% of high school students being obese or overweight. The obesity rates in California for high school students is at 13.9%. According to the CDC, adolescent girls have higher obesity rates than preschool girls in the years 2015-2016 with adolescent girls having obesity rates of 20.9%, and preschool girls having obesity rates of 13.5%. Boys that are in elementary,middle,and high school had an obesity rate of 20.4%. Preschool boys are comprised of 14.3% of obese children. In an University of Connecticut Study, "Those unhealthy foods represented 86 percent of food advertising spent on black-targeted television programming, and 82 percent of advertising spending on Spanish-language television, in 2017, the study found." Many unhealthy food companies are targeting Black and Hispanic kids due to many of Black and Hispanic children living economically disadvantaged homes, and these companies are taking advantage of that to show them food that is cheap, accessible, and delicious. Food companies on television had spent 11$ Billion on advertising and 1.1$ Billion of that was spent on Spanish-speaking programs and television programs created for black audiences. Fifty percent more spending on advertising of Black television programs was seen when comparing the spending on advertising of food companies from 2013 to 2017. In 2013, Black children had watched 70% more television food advertisements than White children. An average Black teen and child watches over 16 food-related ads daily, and this is almost double what White children watch. White children watch an average 8.8 food-related advertisements per day,while White teenagers watch an average of 7.8 food-related ads per day. Black children have overall watched 86% more advertisements that White Children have in 2017, and Black teens have watched 117% more advertisements compared to White children and teenagers. This data allows us to see why there is a huge difference with obesity rates between all the races, and that is due to the marketing promoting these unhealthy foods to poorer neighborhoods, and typically people in these poorer neighborhoods are less educated on health.
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND TRENDS
According to the State of Obesity, three in four high school students do not exceed or meet the daily expectations for exercise. The YRBSS state that teenagers are currently spending more time on their computers than on television. In 2017, 43% of high school student use three or more hours of television, social media, and computers for entertainment purposes. This has increased from 2013 with it being at 41.7%. In 2017, 48.7% of students have not attended a physical education class for more than a week. Only 26.1% of students are exercising for 60 minutes per day. Only 20.7% of students watch three or more hours of television, which has decreased from 2013, which was at 32.5%.